Firmware Analysis

From a raw firmware binary to reproducible security evidence

Find the weaknesses in your firmware before it ships. Start from a binary, source code or datasheets, with no board required. Every finding comes with evidence your team, your lab or your customer can reproduce.

Agentic reverse engineering
On-premises by design
ARCH
Intel · Arm
SYSTEMS
Windows · Linux · Android · IoT
A raw firmware binary is emulated, its execution recorded as a trace, then analysed by stepping backwards from the symptom to the root cause, where the evidence is shown
Firmware Analysis

From a raw firmware binary to reproducible security evidence

Find the weaknesses in your firmware before it ships. Start from a binary, source code or datasheets, with no board required. Every finding comes with evidence your team, your lab or your customer can reproduce.

A raw firmware binary is emulated, its execution recorded as a trace, then analysed by stepping backwards from the symptom to the root cause, where the evidence is shown
ARCH
Intel · Arm
SYSTEMS
Windows · Linux · Android · IoT
The problem

Rehosting firmware is tedious.

On the board

When you can get the hardware

Even with the device on your desk, production hardware often has its debug access disabled. When it’s available, reconstructing the sequence of events that led to a failure can be a time-consuming process.

In an emulator

When you can’t

Generic emulators don’t model your target’s hardware, so the firmware hangs or crashes early. You fix one missing piece, run again and see where it stops next.

How it works

From a raw binary to evidence, in 3 steps

01 · Emulate
Retrace

Retrace is our rehosting tool: it gets the binary running without the board. It uses static analysis to see what the firmware expects, and time travel debugging to run the iterations, so every fix is based on what actually ran.

✦ You set the direction. The agent runs the iterations, with evidence for each.
02 · Record
Epoch

Epoch records the whole execution in a trace: every instruction, every register, every memory access. Nothing is left out, and every replay is identical, so any finding can be reproduced.

✦ The agent sets up the recording and the evidence your analysis needs.
03 · Analyse
Epoch + esFirmware

Move backwards and forwards, with all runtime information available for your analysis. Leverage esFirmware to run fault injection campaigns.

✦ Ask the agent how injected faults affect the run, and it pinpoints the moments that matter.
✦ AI-assisted, end to end
Try it yourself

Explore a real firmware trace, for free.

U-Boot
ARM
Bootloader

Get familiar with Epoch and time travel debugging: move backwards and forwards through the U-Boot boot of a Novatek camera, recorded in a trace of more than 21 million instructions.

Go to the live demo ↗
No install. No credit card. No ID.
A camera’s U-Boot trace in Epoch: the image header check, the CPU registers, a memory range with its read and write history, and the timeline
Debuggers vs time travel debugging

Record the firmware, don’t just debug it live.

A debugger shows you one moment of the firmware, live. Epoch records the whole run, so you can come back to any moment, as often as you need. Read: Turning dynamic analysis into an AI problem →

A live debugger on the device
Time travel debugging with Epoch
Access
Needs a debug port on the device, often disabled on production hardware
No board and no debug port: the firmware runs in emulation
A moment you missed
Reset the device and hope it happens again
It’s in the recording: rewind to it
Follow the data by hand, breakpoint by breakpoint
Track how data from an input, such as a firmware image, flows through the run
After the session
Nothing is kept: the session is ephemeral
A recording you keep, share and build on
esFirmware

Fault injection on emulated firmware

Leverage the esFirmware tool to run fault injection campaigns on the emulated firmware, across the code you choose, the fault model you select and against the success criteria you define. It’s purpose-built for fault injection, so every campaign runs efficiently.

A fault campaign run by the agent, with every successful fault tagged on the recording
esReverse

One platform for the whole investigation.

esReverse turns the whole workflow into a shared workspace. Retrace, Epoch and esFirmware run there, next to the tools your team already uses, and what you find doesn’t disappear when a session ends. Discover esReverse →

Start from firmware that already runs

Once Retrace gets the firmware running, the emulated target is saved in the project. Anyone on the team can pick it up without setting it up again.

Work on the same recordings

Every Epoch recording is shared. Tags and comments stay on the exact instruction, so a finding is still there for the next person who opens it.

Keep every result in one place

esFirmware campaign results and your own tools, such as Ghidra, IDA, Binary Ninja or radare2, sit in the same workspace as the recordings they refer to.

esReverse: a project for the camera firmware is created with its tools and teams, then Epoch and Ghidra open side by side on the same instructions
Who it’s for

For teams that need firmware running, without months of manual effort.

Manufacturers

Find weaknesses before silicon or a test bench exists, while a fix is still a code change rather than a recall.

Security teams

Assess the third-party firmware in your products: get it running and see what it does.

Evaluation labs

For CC, SESIP and PSA evaluations: less time on bring-up and trace navigation, more time on test design.

Compliance owners

The Cyber Resilience Act asks manufacturers to document how they tested their products. Reproducible recordings can back up those test reports.

Talk to an expert

Let’s look at your firmware.

Tell us what you need to secure. We’ll check whether your target is a good fit and walk you through the workflow on a case like yours.

Firmware Analysis with eShard · what’s included
The workflow
✓
Retrace
AI-assisted emulation, from a raw binary to running firmware
✓
Epoch
Every instruction recorded in a trace, analysed with time travel debugging
✓
esFirmware
Fault injection campaigns, results tagged on the recording
Collaboration
✓
esReverse
One workspace where your team shares the firmware, the recordings and its tools
Deployed on your premises.

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FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

We are always here to help you and answer your questions.

We are always here to help you and answer your questions.

Will it run my firmware?

Retrace starts from a binary, source code or datasheets. You don’t need a board.

Does my firmware leave my environment?

No. Everything is deployed on your premises, and nothing leaves your environment unless you decide so.

Can I keep using my other tools, like Ghidra, IDA, Binary Ninja or radare2?

Yes. With esReverse, you add your tools to the platform and combine them with Retrace, Epoch and esFirmware in one workspace, so their results sit next to the recordings.

Does this make my product CRA-compliant?

Epoch gives you deep, reproducible evidence on your critical code paths, and automates how you produce it. That evidence feeds the technical documentation the EU Cyber Resilience Act requires, and paves the way to self-assessment.